Evaluation of Extractants for Estimation of Tl Availability to Barley and Sunflower Grown in Tl-Contaminated Soils

Thallium (Tl) is a highly toxic heavy metal that poses threat to various organisms, including human beings. In plants, Tl mostly present as the uncomplexed Tl+ species, and its uptake by plants follows similar trend of other monovalent ions such NH4+, Cs+, K+, Rb+, others. this study, we investigated relationships between concentrations in barley sunflower extractable-Tl acidic, neutral, alkaline soils. We used ammonium potassium based-inorganic salt extractants, 1 M NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, KCl, KNO3. The concentration tissues harvested from acidic soil with treatment 40 mg kg-1 was 1,910 kg-1, indicating could be considered Tl-hyperaccumulator plant. Among highest extractable obtained using NH4Cl solution, followed both were well related (R2 > 0.910) potassium-based inorganic salts showed closest relationship = 0.936 - 0.980) (NH4)2SO4. Therefore, chemicals can applicable extractants relation plants.The coefficient determination (R2) values chemical extractable-soil concentrations. Plant Extractant Coefficient JJ† IS DY Barley 0.914 0.917 0.961 (NH4)2SO4 0.962 0.963 KCl 0.935 0.910 0.948 KNO3 0.923 0.918 Sunflower 0.945 0.981 0.973 0.980 0.958 0.965 0.977 0.946 0.984 †JJ, Jeonju soil; IS, neutral Iksan DY, Danyang soil.